Organic Chemistry for Chemical Engineering Sciences – B. Singh | Integrated Science

Book : Organic Chemistry for Engineering Sciences

Author : Bhupender Singh

Edition : 1st Year of publication 2013

ISBN : 978-93-5126-559-7 Publisher: Integrated Science

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Table of Contents

   An Introduction to Organic Reactions  

. Type of organic reactions          

. Energy changes in Reactions    

. Reaction Intermediates             

Carbocations     

Carbanions        

Free Radicals     

Carbenes            

. Reaction Mechanisms

.. Substitution Reactions              

Nucleophilic Substitution reactions         

Electrophilic Substitution reactions         

Free Radical Substitution reactions         

.. Addition Reactions     

Electrophilic Addition reactions 

Nucleophilic Addition reactions

Free radical addition reactions  

.. Elimination Reactions

.. Molecular Rearrangements    

Nucleophilic rearrangements    

Electrophilic rearrangements     

Free radical rearrangement        

. Oxidation and Reduction Reactions      

   Chemistry of  Hydrocarbons    

. Alkanes             

Preparation       

Physical Properties of Alkanes  

Chemical Properties of Alkanes

Petroleum         

Petroleum Origin            

Natural Gas       

Composition of Petroleum         

Petroleum Mining          

Petroleum Refining        

Cracking              

Reforming          

Octane number               

. CycloAlkanes  

Nomenclature  

Classification     

Synthesis of Alicyclic Compounds            

Physical Properties of cycloalkanes         

Chemical Properties      

Baeyer Strain Theory     

MO theory or orbital picture of angle strain        

Stability of Cyclohexane               

Substitution reactions   

Addition reaction            

. Alkenes            

Nomenclature  

Preparation       

Physical Properties         

Chemical Properties      

. Dienes               

Conjugated Dienes        

Preparation       

Chemical Properties      

. Alkynes             

Acidity of Alkynes           

Preparation       

Physical Properties         

Chemical Properties      

. Aromatic Hydrocarbons             

Nomenclature  

Structure            

Aromaticity        

Chemical Reactions and Directive effect               

Effect of substituent on Reactivity          

  Chemistry of  Functional Groups            

Hydrocarbon Halides     

Synthesis            

Physical Properties         

Chemical Properties      

Organometallic Reagents            

Grignard Reagents         

Preparation       

Physical Properties         

Chemical Properties      

Organolithiums

Preparation       

Properties          

Polyalcohols (glycols) or polyhydric alcohols        

Dihydric Alcohols (Diols)               

Properties          

Ethylene Glycol

Preparation       

Physical Properties         

Chemical Properties      

Aldehydes and ketones               

Structure of the Aldehyde and Ketones

Methods of Preparation              

Physical Properties of Aldehyde               

Chemical Properties of Aldehydes          

Carboxylic acids

Preparation       

Physical Properties         

Chemical Properties      

Acyl Chlorides   

Preparation of Acid Chlorides    

Physical Properties of Acid Chlorides      

Chemical Properties of Acid Chlorides   

Acid Anhydrides              

Preparation of Acid Anhydrides

Physical properties         

Chemical properties      

Diazonium Salts

Preparation       

Physical properties         

Chemical properties      

Synthetic use of diazonium salts              

Pyridine              

Structure            

Synthesis            

Properties          

Chemical Reactions        

  Chromatography           

. Introduction   

Theory 

Classification     

. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)         

Theory of TLC   

Stationary phases           

Mobile phases 

Experimental: Analysis of a Mixture by Thin Layer Chromatography        

Application and Uses of TLC       

. Column Chromatography          

Experimental Procedure for Column Chromatography   

. Wet Packing    

. Dry Packing     

Sample Loading

Elution 

Development   

Application and Uses of Column Chromatography           

Normal to high pressure chromatography           

NPLC, MPLC and HPLC  

Normal Phase and Reverse Phase Chromatography        

Liquid Chromatography types   

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)           

Reverse phase HPLC      

Instrumentation for HPLC           

Solvents              

Pump   

Injector               

Column

Detector             

Applications of HPLC      

Partition Chromatography          

Theoretical plates theory:           

Paper chromatography

Gas Chromatography    

Theory 

Instrumentation              

Injection port   

Detector             

Applications of GC          

Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC)               

Theory 

Experimental GPC          

Applications of Gel permeation chromatography             

 Ultra Violet Spectroscopy           

Introduction      

The Electromagnetic Spectrum 

Principles of Absorption Spectroscopy  

UV-Visible Absorption Spectra (Electronic energy levels, electronic transitions and selection rules)          

General appearance of UV bands            

Factors affecting absorption      

Effect of Conjugation on wavelength maxima:  

Introduction to Woodward-Fieser Rules               

Conjugated Dienes        

Conjugated Aldehydes and Ketones      

The ultraviolet spectrometer     

 Infra Red Spectroscopy               

Introduction      

Theory 

Stretching Vibrations     

Bending Vibrations         

Fundamental vibrations and overtones

Infrared Vibrations – Active and Forbidden (Selection Rule)        

Interpreting a IR spectra