Cover Image

Hydroxyethylamine Based Small Molecules as Inhibitors of BACE-1

Amit Kumar Gautam, Taruna Singh, Sonal Bhatnagar, Reeta Kumari, Rishi Pal Singh

Abstract


β-Secretase or BACE-1 is a popular target for the treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) and responsible for the formation of amyloid-β peptide. In recent years BACE-1 has emerged as one of the best characterized targets for Alzheimer therapy. The inhibition of BACE-1 activity is a crucial step for the treatment of AD. This mini-review summarizes some popular BACE-1 inhibitors possessing hydroxyethylamine and peptide scaffolds.


Keywords


Alzheimer’s Disease; BACE-1; β-Amyloid; Hydroxyethylamine; Peptide

Full Text:

PDF

References


C.P. Ferri, M. Prince, C. Brayne, H. Brodaty, L. Fratiglioni, M. Ganguly, K. Hall, K. Hasegawa, H. Hendris, Y. Huang, A. Jorm, C. Mathers, P.R. Menezes, E. Rimmer, M. Scazufca. Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study. Lancet 2005, 366, 2112-2117.

H.W. Querfurth, F.M.N. LaFerla. Alzheimer's Disease. New Engl. J. Med. 2010, 362, 329.

M. Citron. Nat Rev. Drug Disc. 2010, 9, 387.

A. Lleo, S. M. Greenberg, J. H. Growdon. Annu. Rev. Med. 2006, 57, 513.

L.E. Herbert, P.A. Scherr, J.L. Bienias, A.D. Bennett. Arch. Neurol. 2003, 60, 1119.

A.C. Dimakopoulos. Curr. Alzheimer. Res. 2005, 2, 19.

L.A. Thompson, J.J. Brosnon, F.C. Zusi. Curr. Pharma. Res. 2005, 11, 3383.

D. Krstic and I. Knuesel. Nature Rev. 2013, 9, 25-34 and references cited therein.

P.V. Arriagada, J.H. Growdon, E.T. Hedleywhyte, B.T. Hyman. Neurology 1992, 42, 631-639.

G.V.W. Johnson, W.H. Stoothoof. J. Cell Sci. 2004, 117, 5721-5729.

R.E. Tanzi, D.M. Kovacs, T.W. Kim, R.D. Moir, S.Y. Guenette, W. Wasco. Neurobiol.Disease. 1996, 271, 18295-18298.

M.P. Mattson, Nature. 2004, 430, 631-639.

R. Vassar, BD. Bennett, S. Babu-Khan, EA. Mendiaz, DB. Teplow, S. Ross, P. Amarante, R. Loeloff, Y. Luo, S. Fisher, J. Fuller, S. Edenson, J. Lile, MA. Jaronski, AL. Biere, E. Curran, T. Burgess, JC. Louis, F. Collins, J. Treanor, -G. Rogers, M. Citran. Science, 1999, 286, 735-741

M.M. Weiss, T. Williamson, S. Babu-Khan, M.D. Bartberger, J. Brown, K. Chen, Y. Cheng, M. Citron, M.D. Croghan, T.A. Dineen, J. Esmay, R.F. Graceffa, S.S. Harried, D. Hickman, S.A. Hitchcock, D.B. Horne, H. Huang, R. Imeach-Ampieh, T. Judd, M.R. Keller, C.R. Kreiman, D.S. La, V. Li, P. Lopez, S. Louie, H. Monenschein, T.T. Nguyen, L.D. Pennington, C. Rattan, T.S. Miguel, E.A. Sickmier, R.C. Wahl, P.H. Wen, S. Wood, Q. Xue, B.H. Yang, V.F. Patel, W. Zhang. J. Med. Chem. 2012, 55, 9009−9024 and references cite therein.

M.R. Kaller, S.S. Harried, B. Albrecht, S. Babu-Khan, M.D. Bartberger, J. Brown, R. Brown, K. Chen, Y. Cheng, M. Citron, M.D. Croghan, R. Graceffa, D. Hickman, T. Judd, C. Krieman, D. La, V. Li, P. Lopez, Y. Luo, C. Masse, H. Monenschein, T. Nguyen, L.D. Pennington, T.S. Miguel, E.A. Sickmier, R.C. Wahl, M.M. Weiss, P.H. Wen, T. Williamson, S. Wood, M. Xue, B. Yang, J. Zhang, V. Patel, W. Zhang, S. Hitchcock. Med. Chem. Lett. 2012, 3, 886−891.

S.J. Stachel. Drug Dev Res. 2009, 70, 101-110 and references cited therein.

C. Sund, O. Belda, N. Borkakoti, J. Lindberg, D. Derbshire, L. Vrang, E. Hamelink, C. Ahgren, E. Woestenenk, K. Wikstrom, A. Eneroth, E. Lindstrom, G. Kalayanov. Design and synthesis of potent hydroxyethylamine (HEA) BACE-1 inhibitors carrying prime side 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzazole and 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyridinoazole templates. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2012, 22, 6721-6727.

K. Gogoi. Synthesis and biophysical studies of PNA and chimeric PNA-DNA antisense oligomers with five atom linkages. International Archives Sci. Technol., 2013, 13, 1, 7-13.

J. Yuan, S. Venkatraman, Y. Zheng, B. M. Mc Keever, L.W. Dillard, S.B. Singh. J. Med. Chem. 2013, 56, 4156-4180.

B. Clarke, E. Demont, C. Dingwall, R. Dunsdon, A. Faller, J. Hawkins, I. Hussain, D. MacPherson, G. Maile, R. Matico, P. Milner, J. Mosley, A. Naylor, A. O’Brien, S. Redshaw, D. Riddell, P. Rowland, V. Soleil, K.J. Smith, S. Stanway, G. Stemp, S. Sweitzer, P. Theobald, D. Vesey, D.S. Walter, J. Ward, G. Wayne. BACE-1 inhibitors part 2: Identification of hydroxy ethylamines (HEAs) with reduced peptidic character. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2008, 18, 1017−1021.

P. Beswick, N. Charrier, B. Clarke, E. Demont, C. Dingwall, R. Dunsdon, A. Faller, R. Gleave, J. Hawkins, I. Hussain, C.N. Johnson, D. MacPherson, G. Maile, R. Matico, P. Milner, J. Mosley, A. Naylor, A. O’Brien, S. Redshaw, Riddell, P. Rowland, J. Skidmore, V. Soleil, K.J. Smith, S. Stanway, G. Stemp, A. Stuart, S. Sweitzer, P. Theobald, D. Vesey, D.S. Walter, J. Ward, G. Wayne. BACE-1 inhibitors part 3: Identification of hydroxy ethylamines (HEAs) with nanomolar potency in cells. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2008, 18, 1022−1026.

P. Padmaja. Total Synthesis of Bioactive Lactones: Prelactone E, epi-Prelactones V, E, Nonenolides (Z-isomers) and Stagonolide E. International Archives Sci. Technol., 2013, 13, 1, 1-6.

H. Rueeger, R. Lueoend, O. Rogel, J.M. Rondeau, H. Mobitz, R. Machuer, L. Jacobson, M. Stufenbiel, S. Desrayaud, U. Neumann. J. Med. Chem. 2012, 55, 3364−3386.

H. Rueeger, J.M. Rondeau, C. McCarthy, H. Mobitz, M. Tintelot-Blomley, U. Neumann, S. Desrayaud. Structure based design, synthesis and SAR of cyclic hydroxyethylamine (HEA) BACE-1 inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2011, 21, 1942–1947.

B.S. Chhikara, A.K. Mishra, V. Tandon. Synthesis of Bifunctional Chelating Agents to label monoclonal antibodies for radioimmunodiagnosis of cancer. Intern. Archives Sci. Technol., 2006, 6, 1, 5-9.

R.Singh, Geetanjali, N. Sharma. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors for Neurological Disorders: A review. Chem. Biol. Lett., 2014, 1, 1, 33-39.

I. Aprahamian, F. Stella, & O.V. Forlenza. New treatment strategies for Alzheimer’s disease: is there a hope? Indian J. Med. Res., 2013, 138, 449-460.