Medicinal plants as hepatoprotective agents in Indian systems of medicine: A review

Anjana Jadon

Abstract


Liver is a most important organ of the body. It plays an important role to maintaining various physiological processes in the body. It is involved in several vital functions, such as metabolism, secretion and storage. It plays a central role in the detoxification and excretion of many exogenous and endogenous compounds. Hence, any injury or impairment of its function has grave implications for the health of the affected person. Many more drugs or therapies are available for the treatment of hepatic disorders, but still there is a need for the novel drug discovery which can target multiple disease pathways. In the 21st century has a great that paradigm shift towards therapeutic evaluation of herbal products.  The use of herbal products has a great role in the treatment of liver diseases and has no side effects. There are a number of hepatoprotective plants have been reported. In this review article, effort has been taken to collect and compile the details of hepatoprotective plants, which will be helpful in the field of Indian system of medicines.


Keywords


Hepatoprotetive plants, Liver, Indian systems of medicine.

Full Text:

PDF

References


R. Verma. A review on hepatoprotective activity of medicinal plants. J Med Plants Stud. 2018, 6(1):188-190.

A.D. Kshirsagar, R. Mohiter, A.S. Aggrawal, U.R. Suralkar. Hepatoprotective medicinal plants of Ayurveda- A review. Asian J Pharm Clinical Res. 2011, 4(3), 1-8.

Kuruvilla. Herbal formulations as pharmacotherapeutic agents. Indian J Exp Biol. 2002, 40, 7-11.

O. Bedi, KRV Bijjen, P. Kumar, V. Gauttam. Herbal induced hepatoprotection and hepatotoxicity:A critical review. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol.2016, 60(1), 6-21.

N.P. Trivedi, U.M. Rawal. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant property of Andrographis paniculata (Nees) in BHC induced liver damage in mice. Indian J Exp Biol. 2001, 39, 41-46.

F. Xu, T. Morikawa, H. Matsuda, K. Ninomiya, M. Yoshikawa. Structures of new sesquiterpenes and hepatoprotective constituents from the Egyptian herbal medicine Cyperus longus. J Nat Prod. 2004, 67(4), 569-576.

https://doi.org/10.1021/np030368k

R. P. Hewawasam, K.A. Jayatilaka, C. Pathirana, L.K. Mudduwa. Protective effect of Asteracantha longifolia extract in mouse liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2003, 55(10), 1413-1418.

https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357021792

M. Hfaiedh, D. Brahmi, L. Zourgui. Hepatoprotective effect of Taraxacum officinale leaf extract on sodium dichromate-induced liver injury in rats. Environmental Toxicology, 2016,31 (3), 339-349

https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.22048

H.C. Chen, C.K. Chou, Y.H. Kuo, S.F. Yeh. Identification of a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, dephnoretin that suppresses hepatitis B virus gene expression in human hepatoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 1996, 52, 1025-1032.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(96)00420-0

M.S.R. Murthy, M. Srinivasan. Hepatoprotective effect of Tephrosia pupurea in experimental animals. Indian J Pharmacol. 1993, 25, 34-36.

S.A. Shibata. Drug over the millennia: Pharmacognosy, Chemistry, and Pharmacology of licorice, Yakugaku Zasshi, 2000, 120, 849-862.

https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi1947.120.10_849

B. Ahmed, T. Alam, M. Varshney, S.A. Khan. Hepatoprotective activity of two plants belonging to the Apiaceae and the Euphorbiaceae family. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002, 79, 313-316.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00392-0

J. Geetha, R. Manjula, S. Malathi, K. Usha. Efficacy of essential phospholipid substances of Soyabean oil and Phyllanthus niruri in acute viral hepatitis. J Gen Med. 1992, 4, 53-58.

H. Tajiri, K. Kozaiwa, Y. Ozaki, K. Miki, K. Shimuzu, S. Okada. Effect of Sho-Saiko to (Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang) on HbeAg clearence in children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and with sustained liver disease. Am J Clin Med. 1991, 19, 121-129.

https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X91000193

M. Zhu, R.Y. Yeung, K.F. Lin, R.C. Li. Improvement of phase I drug metabolism with Schisandra chinensis against CCl4 hepatotoxicity in rat model. Planta Med. 2000, 66, 521-525.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-11202

N.P. Trivedi, U.M. Rawal. Hepatoprotective and toxicological evaluation of Andrographis paniculata on severe liver damage. Indian J Pharmacol. 2000, 32, 288-293.

B. Shukla, P.K.S.Visen, G.K. Patnaik, B.N. Dhawan. Reversal of thioacetamide induced cholestasis by picroliv in rodents. Phytother Res. 1992, 6, 53 -55.

https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650060114

B. Saraswat, P.K.S. Visen, G.K. Patnaik, B.N. Dhawan. Anticholestatic effect of picroliv, active hepatoprotective principle of Picrorhiza kurroa against carbon tetrachloride induced cholestasis. Indian J Exp Biol. 1993, 31, 316-318.

E. Park, J. Nan, J. Kim, H. Kang, J. Choi, S. Lee, B. Lee, S. Kim, J. Lee, Y. Kim, D. Sohn. The ethanol soluble part of hot water extract from Artemisia iwayomongi inhibits liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2000, 52, 875-881.

https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357001774561

K.H. Janbaz, S.A. Saeed, A.H. Gilani. Protective effect of Rutin on paracetamol and CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rodents. Fitoterapia. 2002, 73(7-8), 557-563.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00217-4

A.K.S. Rawat, S. Mehrotra, S.C. Tripathi, U. Shone. Hepatoprotective activity of Boerhaavia diffusa L. roots a popular Indian ethnomedicine. J Ethnopharmacol.1997, 56, 61-66.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(96)01507-3

B. Singh, A.K. Saxena, B.K. Chandan, S.G. Agrawal, K.K. Anand. In vivo hepatoprotective activity of active fraction from ethanolic extract of Eclipta alba leaves. Indian J Physiology Pharmacol. 2001, 45(4), 435-441.

H. Wagner, B. Geyer, Y. Kiso, H. Hikino, G.S. Rao. Coumestanns as the main active principles of the liver drugs Eclipta alba and Wedelia calendulaceae. Planta Med. 1986, 52, 370-374.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-969188

S. Emmanuel, T. Amalraj, S. Ignacimuthu. Hepatoprotective effect of coumestans isolated from the leaves of Wedelia calendulacea Less. in paracetamol induced liver damage. Indian J Exp Biol. 2001, 39, 1305-1307.

F.E. Olantunde. Mechanism for the hepatoprotective action of kolaviron: Studies on hepatic enzymes, microsomal lipids and lipid peroxidation in carbon tetrachloride treated rats. Pharmacol Res. 2000, 42, 75-80.

https://doi.org/10.1006/phrs.1999.0648

O.A. Adaramoye, O. Akinloye. Possible protective effect of kolaviron on CCl4 induced erythrocyte damage in rats. Bioscience Res. 2000, 20, 259-264.

https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026488823157

U.R. Deshpande, S.G. Gadre, A.S. Raste, D. Pillai, S.V. Bhide, A.M. Samuel. Protective effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) extract on carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 1998, 36, 573-577.

S. Methew, M.N.A. Rao. Effect of Curcumin on hepatic glutathione-s-transferase in mice. Proceedings of 42nd Indian Pharmaceutical Congress, Manipal, 1990, 61, 28-30.

S. Janakat, H. Al-Merie. Optimization of the dose and route of injection and characterization of the time course of carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. J Pharmacol Tox Met. 2002, 48, 41-44.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1056-8719(03)00019-4

S.C. Lin, C.H. Lin, C.C. Lin, Y.H. Lin, I.C. Chen, L.Y. Wang. Hepatoprotective effect of Arctium lappa Linn. on liver injuries induced by chronic ethanol consumption and potentiated by carbon tetrachloride. J Biomed Sci. 2002, 9, 401-409.

B. Rajkapoor, B. Jayakar, S. Kavimani, N. Murugesh. Effect of dried fruits of Carica papaya Linn on hepatotoxicity. Biol Pharm Bull. 2002, 25, 1645-1646.

https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.25.1645

T. Morita, K.Jinno, H. Kawagishi, Y. Arimoto, H. Suganuma, T. Inakuma, K. Sugiyama. Hepatoprotective effect of myristicin from nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) on lipopolysaccharide / D-galctosamine induced Liver injury. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003, 51, 1560-1565.

https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020946n

D.D. Orhan, M. Aslan, G. Aktay, E. Ergun, E. Yesilada, F. Ergun. Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of Gentiana olivieri herbs on subacute administration and isolation of active principle. Life Science. 2003, 72, 2273-2283.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(03)00117-6

H. Ozbek, S. Usra, H. Dulger, I. Bayram, I. Tuncer, G. Ozturk, A. Ozturk. Hepatoprotective effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil. Fitoterapia. 2003, 74(3), 317-319.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(03)00028-5

T. Adamska, W. Mlynarczyk, L.J. Jodynis, W. Bylka, I. Matlawska. Hepatoprotective effect of the extract and isocytisoside from Aquillgia vulgaris. Phytother Res. 2003, 17(6), 691-696.

https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1233

Jadon, M. Bhadauria, S. Shukla. Protective effect of Terminalia belerica Roxb. And gallic acid against carbon tetrachloride induced damage in albino rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007, 109, 214 - 218.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.07.033

Bishayi, S. Roychowdhury, S. Ghosh, M. Sengupta. Hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory properties of Tinospora cordifolia in CCl4 intoxicated mature albino rats. J Toxicol Sci. 2002, 27, 139-146.

https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.27.139

M.K. Gole, S. Dasgupta. Role of plant metabolites in toxic liver injury. J Clin Nutrition. 2002, 11, 48-50.

https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6047.2002.00265.x

S. J. Wu, J.S. Wang, C.C. Lin, C.H. Chang. Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of legumes. Phytomedicine. 2001, 8, 213-219.

https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00033

E. Speroni, R. Cervellati, P. Govoni, S. Guizzardi, C. Renzulli, M.C. Guerra. Efficacy of different Cynara scolymus preparations on liver complaints. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003, 86, 203-211.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00076-X

S. Saraf, V.K. Dixit, S.C. Tripathi, G.K. Patnaik. Hepatoprotective activity of Tridax procumbens part III. Fitoterapia. 1992, 63, 414-416.

Sarkar, S. Pradhan, I. Mukhopadhyay, S.K. Bose, S. Roy, M. Chatterjee. Inhibition of early DNA-damage and chromosomal aberrations by Trianthema portulacastrum in carbon tetrachloride induced mouse liver damage. Cell Biol Int. 1999, 23, 703-708.

https://doi.org/10.1006/cbir.1999.0439

N. Nakatani. Phenolic antioxidants from herbs and spices. Biofactors. 2000, 13, 141-146.

https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.5520130123

B. Singh, A.K. Saxena, B.K. Chandan, V. Bhardwaj, V.N. Gupta, O.P. Suri, S.S. Handa. Hepatoprotective activity of indigtone a bioactive fraction from Indigofera tinctoria Linn. Phytother Res. 2001, 15, 294-297.

https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.760

Q. Xiong, K. Hase, Y. Tezuka, T. Tani, T. Namba, S. Kadota S. Hepatoprotective activity of phenylethanoids from Cistanche deserticola. Planta Med. 1998, 64, 120-125.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957387

T. Arao, M. Udayama, J. Kinjo, T. Nohara. Preventive effects of saponins from the Pueraria lobata root on in vitro immunological liver injury of rat primary hepatocytes culture. Planta Medica. 1998, 64, 413-416.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957471

J.X. Li, Q. Shi, B.Q. Xiong, J.K. Prasin, Y. Tezuka, T. Hareyama, Z.T. Wang, K. Tanaka, T. Namba, S. Kadota. Tribulsamide A and B, new hepatoprotective lignanamides from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris: indication of cytoprotective activity in murine hepatocyte culture. Planta Medica. 1998, 64, 628-631.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957535

C.C. Lin, I.I.Y.Ming, S.L. Lsac, M.J. Lin. Evaluation of hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Biochmeria nivea, Var. nivea and B. nivea var. tenacissima. J Ethnopharmacol.1998, 60, 9-17.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(97)00122-0

S. Datta, B. Sinha, P. Bhattacharya. Hepatoprotective activity of a herbal protein CI-1, purified from Cajanus indicus against beta-galactosamine HCl toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. Phytotherapy Research. 1999, 13, 508-512.

https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199909)13:6<508::AID-PTR521>3.0.CO;2-4

S.C. Mandal, T.K. Maity, J. Das, M. Pal, B.P. Saha. Hepatoprotective activity of Ficus racemosa leaf extract on liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Phytotherapy Research. 1999, 13, 430-432.

https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199908/09)13:5<430::AID-PTR456>3.0.CO;2-G

P. Padma, O.H. Setty. Protective effect of Phyllanthus fraternus against carbon tetrachloride-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Life Sciences. 1999, 64, 2411-2417.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00195-2

Subramoniam, D.A. Evans, S. Rajasekharan, P. Pushpangadan. Hepatoprotective activity of Trichopus zeylanicus extract against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in rats. Indian J Exp Biol. 1998, 36, 385-389.

T. Bhakata, S. Banerjee, S.C. Mandal, T.K. Maity, B.P. Saha, M. Pal. Hepatoprotective activity of Cassia fistula leaf extract. Phytomedicine. 2001, 8, 220-224.

https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00029

J.K. Jose, R. Kuttan. Hepatoprotective activity of Emlica officinalis and Chavanprash. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000, 72, 135-140.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00219-1

G. Kumar, B.G. Sharmila, P.P. Vanita, M. Sundararajan, P.M. Rajsekara. Hepatoprotective activity of Trianthema portuacastrum L. against paracetamol and thioacetamide intoxication in albino rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004, 92(1), 37-40.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.12.009

B.J. Wang, C.T. Liu, C.Y. Tseng, C.P. Wu, Z.R. Yu. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Bupleurum Kaoi Liu. (Chaoet Chuang) extract and its fractions fractionated using supercortical CO2 on CCl4 induced liver damage. Food Chem Toxicol. 2004, 42, 609-617.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2003.11.011

C.F. Lima, F. Carvalho, E. Fernandes, M.L. Bastos, P.C. Santos-Gomes, M. Fernandes-Ferreira, C. Pereira-Wilson. Evaluation of toxic/protective effects of the essential oil of Salvia officinalis on freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Toxicol in vitro. 2004, 18(4), 457-465.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2004.01.001

P. Valentao, M. Carvalho, F. Carvalho, E. Fernandes, R.P. Das-Neves, M.L. Pereira, P.B. Andrade, R.M. Seabra, M.L. Bastos. Hypericum androsaermum infusion increases tert-butyl hydroperoxide induced mice hepatotoxicity in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004, 94(2-3), 345-351.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.06.012

J.X. Nan, E.J. Park, J.B. Nam, Y.Z. Zhao, X.F. Cai, Y.H. Kim, D.H. Sohn, J.J. Lee. Effect of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai. (Araliaceae) on D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide induced fulminant hepatitis. J Ethnopharmacol.2004, 92, 71-77.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.007

S.R. Suja, P.G. Latha, P. Pushpangandan, S. Rajasekharan. Evaluation of hepatoprotective effects of Helminthostachys zeylanica (L) Hook against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in Wistar rats. J Ethnopharmacol.2004, 92, 61-66.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.01.019

M.R. Bhandarkar, A. Khan. Antihepatotoxic effect of Nymphaea stellata Wild. against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage in albino rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004, 91, 61-64.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.11.020

V.V. Asha, S. Akhila, P.J. Wills, A. Subramoniam. Further studies on the antihepatotoxic activity of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Linn. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004, 92, 67-70.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.005

C.R. Achuthan, B.H. Babu, J. Padikkala. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Rosa damascene. Pharm Biol. 2003, 41(5), 357-361.

https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.41.5.357.15945

U. Bhandari, S.A. Anwer, K.K. Pillai, M.S.Y. Khan. Antihepatotoxic activity of ginger ethanol extract in rats. Pharma Biol. 2003, 41(1), 68-71.

https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.41.1.68.14697

L. Pari, A. Uma. Protective effect of Sesbania grasdiflora against erythromycin estolate induced hepatotoxicity. Therapies, 2003, 58(5), 439-543.

T.Y. Lee, L.M. Mai, G.J. Wang, J.H. Chiu, Y.L. Lin, H.C. Lin. Protective mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. J Pharmacol Sci. 2003, 91, 202-210.

https://doi.org/10.1254/jphs.91.202

J.X. Nan, Y.Z. Jiang, E.J. Park, G. Ko, Y.C. Kim, D.H. Sohm. Protective effect of Rhodiola sachalinesis extract on carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in rats. J Ethnopharmacol.2003, 84, 143-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00293-3

M.L. Yeh, C.F. Liu, C.L. Huang, T.C. Huang. Hepatoprotective effect of Angelica archangelica in chronically ethanol treated mice. Pharmacology. 2003, 68, 70-73. https://doi.org/10.1159/000069530

B. Rastogi, S. Jain, U. Tiwari, S. Gupta, S. Thakur, S. Bhargava, D.K. Saraf. Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Cleome viscose and synergistic effect of some antihepatotoxic plant extracts in rats. J Current Sci. 2003, 3(2), 403-408.

M.K. Turkdogan, H. Ozbek, Z. Yener, I. Tuncer, I. Uygan, E. Ceylan. The role of Utrica dioica and Nigella sativa in the prevention of carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Phytother Res. 2003, 17(8), 942-946.

https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1266

M. Azeemuddin, M. Rafiq, S. D. Anturlikar, L.M.S. Kumar, P.S. Patki, U.V. Babu, R. Shyam. Extract of a polyherbal formulation ameliorates experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Tradit Comple Med. 2016, 6 (2), 160-167.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.12.002

Subramoniam, P. Pushpangadan. Development of phytomedicines for liver disease. Indian J Pharmacol. 1999, 31, 166-175.

Girish, B.C. Koner, S. Jayanthi, K.R. Rao, B. Rajesh, S.C. Pradhan. Hepatoprotective activity of six polyherbal formulations in paracetamol induced liver toxicity in mice. Indian J Med Res. 2009, 129, 569–578.

P.S. Nair. Protective Effect of Tefroli - a polyherbal mixture (Tonic) on cadmium chloride induced hepatotoxic rats. Phcog Mag. 2006, 2, 112-118.

P. G. M. Rao, G. Rao, K. Ramnarayan, K.K. Srinivasan. Effect of hepatogard on paracetamol induced liver injury in male albino rats. Indian Drugs. 1992, 30 (1), 40-47.

R. Kenzale, F. Shaikh, S. Sathaye. Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of polyherbal formulation- Livomyn. Int J Res in Pharmaceutical Sci. 2011, 2(3): 338-343.

S. Chanda, I. P. Sarethy, B. De, K. Singh, Paederia foetida—a promising ethno-medicinal tribal plant of northeastern India. J. For. Res. 2013, 24, 801–808. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-013-0369-2

S. Chanda, S. Ahmad, K. Singh, Comparison of in vitro antioxidant potential of fractioned Paederia foetida leaf extract. Int. J. Drug Dev. Res. 2014, 6, 105–109.

S. Chanda et al., Antimicrobial activity of Paederia foetida against drug resistant H. pylori isolates from India. World J Pharm Res. 2014, 3, 1234–1243.

S. Chanda, L. Deb, R. K. Tiwari, K. Singh, S. Ahmad, Gastroprotective mechanism of Paederia foetida Linn. (Rubiaceae) - a popular edible plant used by the tribal community of North-East India. BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2015, 15, 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0831-0

S. Chanda, S. Ahmad, K. Singh, R. K. Tiwari, Targeted metabolite analysis of Iridoids of paederia foetida: A popular tribal edible plant of northeast, India. Asian J. Chem. 2017, 29, 1713–1717. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2017.20585


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




    Â